What is a "Talmid"

The Targum transalates the pasuk in parshas Matos "Tarbus Anashim Chataim" (which by the way throughout Tanach means sinners rather than sins so its hard to understand what Bruriah said to R' Meir with regard to "Yitamu Chataim velo Chotim") "Talmidei Guvraya Chayavaya".

The word "Tarbut" means culture in hebrew and also so understood according to Rishonim here (see Eben Ezra). The Targum is saying that a "Talmid" is one who absorbs a culture, meaning, that it permeates throughout his being in a subconscious way. When one feels that he has become culturally imbued he can then be considered a "Talmid"